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Chloral hydrate is a commonly used central sedative drug before pediatric clinical examination, but its clinical safety and medication adherence are needed to focus on normally because of its poor stability and palatability. Under the premise of investigating the stability of different formulations, their palatability were also screened by using both human sensory and electronic tongue evaluation techniques. Human sensory evaluation has been conducted with the informed consent of all participants in accordance with the ethical requirements of the Good Clinical Practice for Drug Trials. The results showed that the addition of sorbitol and sucralose could effectively ensure the stability of the oral solution. Sorbitol is the main taste-masking component, and the ratio of 40% sorbitol and 0.5% sucralose can effectively mask the bitterness, astringency and spicy taste of 10% chloral hydrate oral solution. The results detected by human sensory and electronic tongue have good correlation and complementarity, and the combination of these two methods is more conducive to getting objective and reasonable conclusions.
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Objective: To assess the incidence of dengue fever and E gene evolution of dengue virus in Guangzhou in 2020 and understand the local epidemiological characteristics of dengue fever and spreading of dengue virus. Methods: The information of dengue fever cases in Guangzhou in 2020 was collected from Notifiable Infectious Disease System of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Information System. Serum samples from the cases were detected by real-time PCR. The E gene was sequenced and analyzed. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic trees were constructed using software MEGA 5.05. The statistical analysis was conducted using software SPSS 20.0. Results: A total of 33 dengue fever cases were reported in Guangzhou in 2020, including 31 (93.94%) imported cases and 2 (6.06%) local cases. Compared with the data during 2016 to 2019, the number of cases, overall incidence and local incidence all decreased with statistically significant differences (all P<0.05). The imported cases from Southeast Asia constituted 90.32% (28/31) of imported cases. The E gene sequences and the phylogenetic trees of imported and local cases demonstrated close relationship with the virus sequences from Southeast Asian, and they were less homologous with the sequences of dengue virus isolated in Guangzhou in previous years. Conclusions: The incidence of dengue in Guangzhou in 2020 was significantly affected by the imported cases, especially those from Southeast Asian countries. The study result demonstrated that dengue fever was not endemic in Guangzhou and it was caused by imported ones.
Subject(s)
Humans , China/epidemiology , Dengue/epidemiology , Dengue Virus/genetics , Disease Outbreaks , Evolution, Molecular , Genotype , PhylogenyABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the effect of eccentric exercise training on knee function and neuromuscular control in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome. Methods:From September, 2016 to September, 2019, 39 outpatients with patellofemoral pain syndrome visiting our hospital were randomly divided into control group (n = 19) and experimental group (n = 20). Both groups received routine rehabilitation, while the experimental group received eccentric training of quadriceps femoris in addition, for eight weeks. They were assessed with Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) of pain, Lysholm score, while the acceleration time was measured with Isokinetic Testing and Training System, and stability index with Dynamic Balance Tester. Results:The VAS score, acceleration time of all the muscles, and overall, anterior-posterior and medial-lateral stability indexes decreased (t > 2.521, P < 0.05), and the Lysholm score increased (|t| > 13.628, P < 0.001) in both groups after treatment, while the VAS score, acceleration time of all the muscles, overall and anterior-posterior stability indexes were less (|t| > 2.174, P < 0.05), and the Lysholm score was more (t = 11.947, P < 0.001) in the experimental group than in the control group. Conclusion:Eccentric exercise training of quadriceps femoris is effective on pain, knee function and neuromuscular control for patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome.
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Objective At present, there are few reports about the relationship between Chemerin and the occurrence and development of breast cancer. The aim of this study is to investigate Chemerin expression in breast cancer mice and its effect on proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells. Methods 30 Balb/c mice were randomly divided into two groups (Normal mice 15, Tumor-bearing mice 15). The 4T1 breast cancer cells were inoculated to construct breast cancer mice model. The expressions of Chemerin in peripheral blood and breast cancer tissue were detected by ELISA and Western blot, respectively. The relationship between Chemerin expression and breast cancer was analyzed. Breast cancer cells MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 were treated with different concentrations of recombinant Chemerin protein and Chemerin neutralizing antibody. Three groups were set up in the experiment, including control group (1640 or DMEM culture medium, no cells), recombinant Chemerin protein group (100 μg/L, no dilution by serum-free medium) and Chemerin neutralizing antibody group (100 μg/L, no dilution by serum-free medium). The effects of Chemerin on cell proliferation and migration were detected by MTT assay and wound healing assay respectively. Results The expressions of Chemerin in peripheral blood and mammary gland of tumor bearing mice were significantly higher than that in normal mice (both P<0.05). The scratch mobility and MTT absorbance (OD) values of breast cancer cells treated with recombinant chemerin protein increased significantly with the increase of protein concentration (P<0.05).However, they significantly decreased after cells treated with chemerin neutralizing antibody (P<0.05). Conclusion Chemerin could promote the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells in a concentration-dependent manner, thereby promotinge the occurrence and development of breast cancer.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the association between preoperative platelet count and the outcomes of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This study was conducted among a cohort of 486 CRC patients, who underwent surgery in Sichuan Provincial Cancer Hospital between January, 2010 and July, 2013 and were prospectively followed up for their outcomes. The association between preoperative platelet counts and clinicopathologic factors of the patients were analyzed. Survival analysis of the patients was performed using log-rank test, and the factors affecting the patients' outcomes were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analyses using the Cox proportional hazard model.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In this cohort, preoperative platelet count was significantly associated with the tumor site, depth of tumor invasion (T), and distant metastasis (M) (all P<0.05). Log-rank tests showed that in patients with CRC and rectal cancer, the overall postoperative survival differed significantly between high and low preoperative platelet count groups (Χ(2)=8.813, P=0.003 and Χ(2)=5.110, P=0.024, respectively), but this difference was not observed in patients with colon cancer (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis indicated that CRC patients with a high preoperative platelet count had a higher risk of death compared to those with a low platelet level after adjustment for tumor site, tumor grade, TNM stage, vascular invasion, perineural invasion, and preoperative CEA level (RR=1.814, 95%CI: 1.056-3.115). In subgroup analysis, preoperative platelet count was identified as an independent prognostic factor in patients with rectal cancer (RR=2.718, 95% CI: 1.132-6.526), but not in patients with colon cancer (RR=1.396, 95%CI: 0.705-2.765).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>As an independent prognostic factor in CRC patients, preoperative platelet count may serve as an important indicator for predicting the outcomes of rectal cancer, but its prognostic value for colon cancer needs further clarification.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Colonic Neoplasms , Diagnosis , Colorectal Neoplasms , Diagnosis , Multivariate Analysis , Neoplasm Staging , Platelet Count , Preoperative Period , Prognosis , Proportional Hazards Models , Survival AnalysisABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of patients suffering from acute superior mesenteric venous thrombosis (ASMVT). Methods Clinical data of 96 ASMVT patients admitted to the PLA General Hospital from January 2000 to December 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical characteristics and death-associated risk factors were studied, and the influence of treatment strategy and thrombosis location on patients' outcome were analyzed. Results The patients were divided into survival group (n=83) and death group (n=13) according to the outcome. The mean age was 46.9 years old, and the ratio of male/female was 3:1. Thirty-nine patients presented isolated superior mesenteric venous thrombosis (SMVT) and fiftyseven patients presented combined SMVT. In the death group, higher incidence of severe acute pancreatitis and isolated SMVT were found than the survival group (P<0.01, P=0.004). The patients were again divided into laparotomy group, interventional thrombolysis group, and conservative treatment group according to treatment modality. The interval between symptom onset and treatment was shorter, the incidence of isolated SMVT and mortality rate were higher in the laparotomy group compared with those in interventional thrombolysis group and conservative treatment group. There was no death in the conservative treatment group. In comparison with the combined SMVT group, more patients in the isolated SMVT group presented peritoneal signs and less with history of splenectomy (P<0.001, P=0.002). The proportion of patients with laparotomy and bowel necrosis in the isolated SMVT group was higher than those in the combined SMVT group (P=0.023, P=0.012). Conclusions Patients with isolated SMVT are more likely to have peritoneal signs and bowel necrosis, surgical treatment is mandatory. Patients with combined SMVT often have a history of splenectomy. ASMVT patients with severe pancreatitis may present higher mortality rate.
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Objective To investigate the effect of focal adhesion kinases (FAK) inhibitor with different concentration on the adhesion and migration of endothelial cells (ECs) and the expression of downstream Rac1 protein, and to explore the role of FAK in adhesion and migration of ECs by using FAK inhibitor to inhibit the phosphorylation of Y397 site of FAK. Method Scratch wound migration assay was performed to examine the effect of FAK inhibitor with different concentration (from 0 nmol/mL to 250 nmol/mL) on ECs migration at 2, 4, 8 and 24 h, respectively. Western blot combined with immunofluorescence analysis were performed to determine the effect of FAK inhibitor with different concentration on distribution and expression of Rac1 protein. Results With the concentration of FAK inhibitor increased, ECs migration distance and the Rac1 protein expression decreased. Conclusions The inhibition of FAK phosphorylation could inhibit cell adhesion and migration with the decrease in downstream Rac1 protein, and ECs adhesion/migration was related to FAK Rho GTPases signaling pathways.
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In order to analyze the prognosis and related factors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), 53 newly diagnosed ALL patients were enrolled in this study. The therapeutic efficacy and prognosis of 53 cases of ALL were analyzed, the remission, relapse, overall survival and event-free survival were studied, and relation between different factors and prognosis of ALL were investigated by comparison of cases in same stage. The results showed that the complete remission was achieved in 36 out of 53 patients, the total remission rate was 67.9%, the total relapse rate was 37.7%, the median relapse duration was 6 months after remission. Median overall survival (OS) and median event-free survival (EFS) time were 4 and 1 months after remission respectively, OS and EFS rate of 18 month was 35.1% and 14.2%. The patients with different gender had significantly different EFS. Age was an independent risk factor of CR rate. White blood cell count and hemoglobin level of newly diagnosed patients were significantly correlated with OS and EFS. Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) at the end of the induction chemotherapy was an independent related factor of OS, the higher ANC, the lower risk of death. The patients with or without chemotherapy related infection had different relapse rate. The patients with bleeding after chemotherapy had lower OS when compared with those without bleeding. Serum glucose level was a significant negative prognostic factor. It is concluded that there is higher relapse rate, poor prognosis in adult ALL in comparison with children. In order to decrease the relapse rate and prolong the EFS, individual therapeutical regimens and prophylaxis of complicating diseases should be applied to ALL patients.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols , Therapeutic Uses , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma , Diagnosis , Therapeutics , PrognosisABSTRACT
To analyze the prognosis and risk factors of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL), 94 patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia were enrolled in this study, while survival rate and risk factors of prognosis were analyzed. The results indicated that the complete remission (CR) ratio was 51.1%. Overall survival and event-free survival rates of month 6, 12, 18, 24 were 68.6%, 55.8%, 53.8%, 46.4%, 21.3% and 57.9%, 38.6%, 33.3%, 31.6%, 0% respectively. The factors such as age<40 years, WBC<10.0x10(9)/L before chemotherapy, WBC in the period of bone marrow suppression<1.0x10(9)/L, chemotherapy within 1 month after occurrence of leukemia, blood transfusion before chemotherapy of APL had favourable influence on remission and survival rates of ANLL patients. CR1, the time to get CR, length of CR and relapse significantly correlated with prognosis (p<0.05). It is concluded that the individualized therapy concerning the risk factors should be applied to ANLL patients for improving the remission, survival rate and prognosis.